Primary Sources
Explore our online primary source collection, featuring original texts, audio recordings, digitised maps, manuscripts and incunabula, as well as exclusive commentary articles. This curated archive offers researchers and students direct access to invaluable primary source materials, fostering a deeper understanding and engagement with the past.
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Primary Text Editions
Primary Text Extracts
Audio Recordings
Incunabula and Commentaries
Maps
Object Case Studies
Bede’s Ecclesiastical History
Classic Texts in Context
Benedict Anderson’s Imagined Communities
Classic Texts in Context
Catharine Macaulay’s The History of England from the Accession of James I to that of the Brunswick Line (1763–83)
Article
Charles Austin Beard, An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution of the United States
Classic Texts in Context
Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies
Classic Texts in Context
Collingwood, An Autobiography
Classic Texts in Context
Cotton Mather’s Magnalia Christi Americana
Classic Texts in Context
David Hume’s History of England
Article
De Staël’s Considerations on the Principal Events of the French Revolution
Classic Texts in Context
Droysen, Outline of the Theory of History
Classic Texts in Context
Eileen Power’s Medieval People
Classic Texts in Context
Emma Willard’s Geographic History
Classic Texts in Context
Explorations of Sanjay Subrahmanyam’s Concept of “Connected Histories”: From Tagus to the Ganges
Classic Texts in Context
Frederick Jackson Turner, “The Significance of the Frontier in American History”
Classic Texts in Context
Gibbon, Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Classic Texts in Context
Gulbadan Begam’s Humayunnama
Classic Texts in Context
Herodotus, Histories
Classic Texts in Context
Jules Michelet’s History of the French Revolution
Classic Texts in Context
Kalhaṇa, Rājataraṅgiṇī
Classic Texts in Context
Livy
Classic Texts in Context
Lucy Hutchinson’s Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson
Classic Texts in Context
Marx’s Capital
Classic Texts in Context
Mary Hays’s Female Biography
Classic Texts in Context
Pierre Bayle’s Historical and Critical Dictionary
Classic Texts in Context
Prescott’s History of the Conquest of Mexico
Article
Provincializing Europe
Classic Texts in Context
Ranke, History of the Latin and Teutonic Nations
Classic Texts in Context
Sima Qian and the Shiji
Article
Spring and Autumn Annals (Chunqiu) and the Zuo Commentary (Zuo zhuan)
Classic Texts in Context
Tacitus’ Annals
Classic Texts in Context
The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy by Jacob Burckhardt
Classic Texts in Context
The Muqaddima of Ibn Khaldûn
Classic Texts in Context
Thomas Babington Macaulay’s History of England
Classic Texts in Context
Tocqueville’s Artistry in Pursuit of Liberty
Classic Texts in Context
Warren, History of the Rise, Progress, and Termination of the American Revolution
Article
William Robertson’s History of America
Article
Tacitus’s Description of Early Germanic Society
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An Early Crisis of Church and State: Ambrose of Milan’s Excommunication of Theodosius
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Ammianus Marcellinus’s Account of the Battle of Hadrianople
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Pope Leo I, the Great, Defends Rome against Attila the Hun
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Augustine of Hippo’s Definition of a True Commonwealth
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Augustine of Hippo’s Conversion Experience
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The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of England according to Bede
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Bede’s Description of the Life and Works, Including the Conversion of England, of Pope Gregory I, the Great
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Bede’s Account of the Synod of Whitby
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Charlemagne’s Letter Promoting Learning in His Empire
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An Inventory of a Carolingian Royal Estate
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Charlemagne’s Law Imposing Christianity on the Saxons
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Excerpts from Einhard’s Biography of Charlemagne
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Eusebius’ Description of the Battle of the Milvian Bridge and the Conversion of Constantine
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Gildas’s Version of the Conquest of Britain by the Anglo-Saxons
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A Letter from Pope Gregory III to Charles Martel Seeking Aid against the Lombards
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Gregory of Tours: Clovis and the Vase of Soissons
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Gregory of Tours: The Conversion of Clovis
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An Account of the Battle of Tours by a Spanish Christian Chronicler
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Excerpts from Jordanes’s Getica
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Justinian’s Codification of Roman Law
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Charlemagne and a Painted Mouse Humble a Proud Bishop
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Paul the Deacon Explains the Name of the Lombard People
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The Lombards Invade Italy on the Invitation of Narses
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Priscus’s Description of Attila the Hun and His Court
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Procopius Describes the Excesses of Justinian and the Character of the Empress Theodora
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Rebellion against the Emperor Justinian
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Procopius’s Description of the Hagia Sophia Following Its Reconstruction by Justinian
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Martin of Tours Gives His Cloak to a Poor Beggar
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Boniface: An Early Medieval Missionary and Saint
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Augustine Writes of Childhood Sinning, 397
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Ordeals under the Law
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King Clovis Kills His Kinsmen (fifth and sixth centuries)
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A Historian Slanders Empress Theodora (sixth century)
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Bede Describes the Conversion of the English (sixth and seventh centuries)
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Documents of Feudal Law (seventh and eighth centuries)
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Charlemagne Promotes Education (eighth and ninth centuries)
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A Jewish Merchant Writes to His Wife
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Lords Create Markets (ninth and tenth centuries)
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Asser’s Life of Alfred the Great, King of Wessex (tenth century)
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Serfs Struggle for Freedom (tenth and thirteenth centuries)
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Vikings Trade with Natives in North America (eleventh century)
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The Pope Claims Supremacy in the Investiture Controversy (eleventh century)
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Anna Comnena Describes the First Crusade (twelfth century)
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The Founding and Decline of the Knights Templars (twelfth century)
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The Great Pilgrimage Church of Saint James in Spain (twelfth century)
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The Life of Godric, Merchant Saint (twelfth century)
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Hildegard of Bingen Discusses Marriage (twelfth century)
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Guibert of Nogent Studies at Home (twelfth century)
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The Legendary King Arthur Is Born (twelfth century)
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Bernard of Clairvaux Condemns Abelard and Scholasticism, 1140
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An Agricultural Instruction Manual (thirteenth century)
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Crusaders Besiege a Tower during the Fifth Crusade (thirteenth century)
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Marco Polo Describes Religious Toleration in the Mongol Empire, 1271
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Marco Polo Describes the Mongol Capital, 1271
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Giovanni Boccaccio Describes the Plague, 1350
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Jean Froissart Describes a Peasant Revolt, the Jacquerie in France (fourteenth century)
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John Hus Is Burnt for Heresy, 1415
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Margery Kempe Has a Vision of Jesus, 1436
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Leif Erikson’s Exploration of North America: Coming to Vinland (c. c.e. 1003)
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Leif Erikson’s Exploration of North America: The Naming of Vinland (c. c.e. 1003)
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Thorfinn Karlsefni’s Exploration of North America: An Encounter with the Natives (c. c.e. 1005)
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Christopher Columbus Remarks on the Generosity of the Taino People of Hispaniola (December 1492)
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Columbus Dines with the Local Taino Chieftain Guacanagari (December 1492)
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The Marketplace of Tenochtitlán, the Aztec Capital (1519)
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The View from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlán, the Aztec Capital (1519)
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A Description of Xibalba, the Mayan Underworld from the Popol Vuh (early sixteenth century)
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Francisco Pizarro’s First Encounter with the Inca Ruler Atahualpa (November 1532)
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Diego de Landa’s Description of the Clothing and Food of the Maya of Yucatan (written c. 1566)
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Garcilaso de la Vega, “El Inca,” on Inca Irrigation and Agriculture (published 1609)
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Garcilaso de la Vega, “El Inca,” on Inca Music (published 1609)
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Indian Ocean Trade (first century c.e.)
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An Account of Trade with the Etiopian Kingdom of Aksum, 525
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A Letter Illustrating Relations Between Muslim Egypt and Christian Nubia, 759
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A Muslim Account of Ghana, 1067–1068
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Accounts of the Saharan City of Sijilmasa (tenth-twelfth centuries)
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The Kebra Negast: An Account of the Origins of the Christian Kings of Ethiopia (c. thirteenth-fourteenth centuries)
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Mansa Musa’s Pilgrimage to Mecca, 1324
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Ibn Battuta’s Description of East Africa’s Swahili Coast, 1331
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Ibn Battuta’s Descriptions of Mali, 1352–1353
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Jews in the Sahara and Sudan (fifteenth–sixteenth centuries)
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A European Description of the East African Coast, 1500–1518
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A Description of Timbuktu in the Early 1500s
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Excerpts from the Qur’an
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The Pact of Umar (c. 637)
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al-Ya‘qubi’s Ninth-Century Description of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem
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al-Ya‘qubi’s Description of Baghdad in the Ninth Century
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al-Jahiz’s Ninth-Century Essay on the Turks
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al-Muqaddasi’s Tenth-Century Description of the Aksâ Mosque in Jerusalem
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al-Muqaddasi’s Tenth-Century Explanation of the Construction of Jerusalem’s Dome of the Rock
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Naser-e Khosraw’s Description of the City of New Cairo in the Eleventh Century
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Excerpts from Nizam al-Mulk’s Book of Government or Rules for Kings (Eleventh Century)
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Excerpts from al-Shayzari’s The Book of the Islamic Market Inspector (Twelfth Century)
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Medieval Islamic Recipes
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Excerpt for the Bhagavad Gita : The Nature of Brahman
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The Ramayana : The Story of Ahalya and the God Indra
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Excerpt from the Travel Account of Faxian: A Cremation in Ceylon, c. 400
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Excerpt from the Travel Account of Faxian: The Chandalas, c. 400
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Excerpt from the Poem “The Birth of the War-God” by Kalidasa, c. Fourth/Fifth Century c.e.
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Inscriptions of the Gupta Kings, Fourth and Fifth Centuries c.e.
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Except from The Minister’s Seal, a Work by the Gupta Playwright Visakhadatta, Early Fifth Century c.e.
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Banabhatta’s Account of How the Newly Crowned Harsha Turned a Bad Omen to His Advantage, c. 606
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Xuanzang’s Account of Harsha’s Accession to the Throne, c. 606
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A Muslim Account of Hindu Devotions, 1041
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A Description of the City of Delhi at the End of the Reign of Sultan Shams al-Din Iltutmish, 1236
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Sultana Raziya and Nasiriah College, c. 1240
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Excerpt from the Account of Marco Polo: The Customs of Maabar, c. 1291
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Excerpt from the Account of Marco Polo: The Brahmins of Lar, c. 1291
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Marco Polo Describes Yogis He Encounters in India, c. 1291
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A Story of Pre-Muslim Delhi: Justice for a Crow, c. 1320
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Ibn Battuta: The Pepper Tree of South India, c. 1325
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Ibn Battuta: A Pious Holy Man of Delhi, c. 1325
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The Values of Concubines and Slave Girls in Delhi, c. 1348
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An Uprising in Delhi during the Reign of Sultan Muhammad bin Tughluq, c. 1350
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The Plunder of Delhi by Timur’s Army, 1398
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The Mughal Conqueror Babur Describes India, c. 1526
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Selections from the Analects by Confucius (c. sixth century b.c.e.)
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Selections from the Dao De Jing (c. sixth century b.c.e.)
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Alchemy in Religious Daoism (c. fifth century)
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Changing Wives in China (sixth century)
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The Shinto Creation Story (eighth century)
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A Confucian Denunciation of Buddhism (ninth century)
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Criticism of Chinese Merchants (eleventh century)
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Tang Poetry on Old Age (ninth century)
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Japanese Poetry (ninth century)
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Japan’s Tale of Genji : The World’s First Novel (eleventh century)
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The Tale of Genji : The Trials of Genji’s Mother (eleventh century)
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A Chinese Official’s View of the Korean People (twelfth century)
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Corvee Labor in Korea (twelfth century)
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The “Jottings” of the Japanese Writer Kamo no Chomei (thirteenth century)
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Slavery in Korea (1300)
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Selections from the Analects by Confucius (c. sixth century b.c.e.)
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Selections from the Dao De Jing (c. sixth century b.c.e.)
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Alchemy in Religious Daoism (c. fifth century)
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Changing Wives in China (sixth century)
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The Shinto Creation Story (eighth century)
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A Confucian Denunciation of Buddhism (ninth century)
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Criticism of Chinese Merchants (eleventh century)
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Tang Poetry on Old Age (ninth century)
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Japanese Poetry (ninth century)
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Japan’s Tale of Genji : The World’s First Novel (eleventh century)
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The Tale of Genji : The Trials of Genji’s Mother (eleventh century)
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A Chinese Official’s View of the Korean People (twelfth century)
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Corvee Labor in Korea (twelfth century)
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The “Jottings” of the Japanese Writer Kamo no Chomei (thirteenth century)
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Slavery in Korea (1300)
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Basil the Great on Cenobitic Monasticism (Fourth Century)
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The Conversion of Constantine (312 CE)
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Constantine Exempts Members of the Christian Clergy from Compulsory Public Duties (313 CE)
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Lactantius: The Edict of Milan (313 CE)
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Constantine Restricts the Entrance of Decuriones (City Council Members) into the Ranks of the Clergy (329 CE)
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An Imperial Constitution of Constantine Allowing Bishops Jurisdiction Over Secular Courts (333 CE)
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Holy Relics: Saint Helena Finds the True Cross (337 CE) and the Discovery of the Holy Lance (1098)
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Council of Nicaea: Letter of Eusebius of Caesarea to his Diocese (350 CE)
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Theodoret Describes Julian the Apostate’s Edict Forbidding Christians to Teach the Classics (362 CE)
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Socrates Scholasticus Describes how Christians Evaded Julian the Apostate’s Edict Against Christians Teaching the Classics (363 CE)
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Battle of Adrianople (378 CE)
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First Council of Ephesus: The Condemnation of Nestorius (431 CE)
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Pope Gelasius I on Spiritual and Temporal Power (494 CE)
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Procopius on the Economic Impact of Emperor Justinian’s Condemnation of Christian Heresies (Sixth Century)
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Agapetus Counsels Justinian on the Proper Conduct of Christian Rulers (Sixth Century)
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Emperor Anastasius I Awards Clovis the Titles of Consul and Patrician (508 CE)
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Procopius’ Account of Empress Theodora’s Speech During the Nika Revolt (532 CE)
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Procopius’ Description of Hagia Sophia, Church of Holy Wisdom (537 CE)
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Theophanes the Confessor Describes the Start of the Iconoclastic Controversy (724 CE)
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“Spoiling the Egyptians”: Military Strategy in the Tactica of LEO VI (886–912 CE)
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Emperor Constantine VII Porphyogenitus Warns his Son not to Share Greek Fire, A Gift from God, with Heretics and Non-Believers (10th Century)
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Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus Instructs his Son on the Byzantine Art of Diplomacy in an Excerpt from his De Administrando Imperio (950 CE)
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Robert the Monk’s Account of the Council of Clermont and Pope Urban II’s Call for Christians to Take up the Cross (1095)
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Robert the Monk’s Description of the Foundation of Constantinople (12th Century)
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Pope Innocent III’s Letter to the Leaders of the Fourth Crusade Following their Capture of Constantinople (1204)
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Venetian Doge Andrea Dandolo Describes the Miraculous Power of the Virgin Hodegetria Icon (1343)
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An Eyewitness Account of the Monastery of St. Catherine (Mid-14th Century)
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Ibn Al-Athir on the Mongol Invasion of the Islamic World (Early 13th Century)
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Ibn Al-Athir on Mongol Invasions of the Near East (Early 13th Century)
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Robert of Clari’s Description of the Kipchaks (ca. 1205)
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The Chronicler Juzjani’s Account of the Capture of Zhongdu (1214)
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Account of the Otrar Massacre (1219)
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Chinggis Khan’s Invitation to the Daoist Monk K’iu Ch’ang Ch’un (May 15, 1219)
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Description of the Boqta Headdress of Mongolian Women (ca. 1219)
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Excerpt from Wu-ku-sun Chung Tuan’s Account of his Embassy to Chinggis Khan in Central Asia (ca. 1220)
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Chinggis Khan’s Oration at the Sack of Bukhara (ca. 1220)
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A Description of Mawarannahr by Yelu Chucai (ca. 1220)
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Jalal Al-Din Requests Help Against the Mongols (ca. 1230)
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John of Plano Carpini’s Description of the Mongols (1240s)
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John of Plano Carpini’s Description of Mongol Armor (1240s)
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John of Sarrasin’s Letter to Nicholas of Arrode Describing a Mongol Ploy (June 23, 1249)
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Description of Prince Alexander Nevsky from the Nikonian Chronicle (1250s)
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William of Rubruck Enjoys Kumiss (1250s)
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William of Rubruck’s Description of Mongke’s Drinking Fountain (1250s)
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William of Rubruck’s Account of the Distinctive Mongol Hairstyle (1250s)
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William of Rubruck’s Description of Yurts (1250s)
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Matthew Paris on the Fear Provoked by the Approach of the Mongols (1250s)
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Ch’ang Te’s Description of the Assassins (1250s)
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Letter of Mongke to King Louis IX of France (1250s)
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Description of William of Rubruck’s Audience with Mongke Khan (May 31, 1254)
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Bar Hebraeus on the Fall of Baghdad and the Abbasid Caliphate (1258)
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Marco Polo’s Account of the Fall of Baghdad (1258)
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Letter of Hulegu to King Louis IX of France (1262)
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Marco Polo’s Account of the Siege of XIAngyang (1273)
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Rabban Sawma’s Account of the Election of Yahba Allah III as Catholicus of the Eastern Church (1281)
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Marco Polo’s Account of Nayan’s Rebellion Against Khubilai Khan (1287)
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Marco Polo on the Women of Khubilai Khan’s Court (ca. 1298)
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Marco Polo’s Description of China’s Countryside (1298)
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Marco Polo on Khubilai Khan’s Palace (1298)
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Marco Polo on Paper Money in China (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo on Mongol Warriors in the 13th Century (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo’s Description of the City of Daidu (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo’s Description of Khubilai Khan Hunting (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo’s Description of Chinese Ships (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo’s Description of Mongol Shamanism (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo’s Account of Khubilai Khan’s Hunting Park at Shangdu (ca. 1300)
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Marco Polo’s Account of the Assassins (ca. 1300)
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An Armenian Account of the Mongols’ Divine Right to Rule (Early 14th Century)
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Passage from Jami’u’t-Tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles) in which Chinggis Khan Explains the Best Things in Life (Early 14th Century)
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Letter from Ghazan, Ruler of the Il-Khanate, to Pope Boniface VIII (April 1302)
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Rabban Sawma’s Account of the Meeting of Oljeitu and Mar Yahba Allah (1304)
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Marco Polo on Mongol Customs (ca. 1324)
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Gilles Li Muisis’s Account of the Black Death at the Siege of Kaffa (1347)
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Account of Samarkand under Timur-I Leng (ca. 1403–1406)
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Account of the Battle of the Ugra River from the Nikonian Chronicle (1480)
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The General Prologue
Audio
The Knight's Tale
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The Miller's Tale
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Alan Gaylord Reads Chaucer: The Miller's Tale
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The Reeve's Tale
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Michael Alexander Reads Chaucer: The Cook's Tale
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The Man of Law's Tale
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The Wife of Bath's Tale
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Alan Gaylord Reads Chaucer: The Friar's Tale
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The Summoner's Tale
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The Clerk's Tale
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The Merchant's Tale
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The Squire's Tale
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The Franklin's Tale
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The Physician's Tale
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The Pardoner's Prologue and Tale
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The Shipman's Tale
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The Prioress's Tale
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Sir Thopas - Two Readings
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The Tale of Melibee
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The Monk's Tale
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The Nun's Priest's Tale
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The Nun's Priest's Tale
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The Second Nun's Tale
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The Manciple's Tale
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The Parson's Prologue and Tale
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Anelida and Arcite
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Parlement of Foules
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The Book of the Duchess
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The House of Fame
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The Legend of Good Women
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Troilus and Criseyde: Book 1
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Troilus and Criseyde: Book 2
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Troilus and Criseyde: Book 3
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Troilus and Criseyde: Book 4
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Troilus and Criseyde: Book 5
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Piers Plowman: Prologue
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Piers Plowman: Passus 1
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Piers Plowman: Passus 2
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Piers Plowman: Passus 3
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Piers Plowman: Passus 4
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Piers Plowman: Passus 5
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Piers Plowman: Passus 6
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Piers Plowman: Passus 7
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Piers Plowman: Passus 8
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Piers Plowman: Passus 9
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Piers Plowman: Passus 10
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Piers Plowman: Passus 11
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Piers Plowman: Passus 12
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Piers Plowman: Passus 13
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Piers Plowman: Passus 14
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Piers Plowman: Passus 15
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Piers Plowman: Passus 16
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Piers Plowman: Passus 17
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Piers Plowman: Passus 18
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Piers Plowman: Passus 19
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Piers Plowman: Passus 20
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Cleanness
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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Fitt I
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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Fitt II
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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Fitt III
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Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: Fitt IV
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Patience
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Pearl
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Excerpts from Layamon's Brut
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Heroic Women in Old and Middle English: Ancrene Wisse
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Heroic Women in Old and Middle English: Seinte Marharete
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Heroic Women in Old and Middle English: The Meditation on the Passion
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Horn Childe and Maiden Rimnild
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John Gower’s Confessio Amantis - Selections
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King Arthur's Death: Selections from the Middle English Stanzaic Morte Arthur and Alliterative Morte Arthure
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Mankind
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Performing Christ and Satan: The York Temptation of Christ and Harrowing of Hell Live at Kalamazoo
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Relevations of Divine Love
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Shrew Plays before Shakespeare: Noah, Joseph's Trouble about Mary, and The Killing of the Children
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Sir Orfeo
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The Digby MS: The Conversion of St. Paul
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The Fox and Wolf
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The Second Shepherd's Play
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The York: Fall of Angels, Fall of Man, Abraham and Isaac
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Selected Middle English Lyrics
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Specimens of Middle English Pronunciation: General Prologue
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Specimens of Middle English Pronunciation: Piers Plowman Prologue
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Specimens of Middle English Pronunciation: Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
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Specimens of Middle English Pronunciation: House of Fame
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Specimens of Middle English Pronunciation: The Franklin's Tale V
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Performing Middle English Romance: Sir Orfeo, Abridged
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Performing Middle English Romance: Octavian Imperator
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Performing Middle English Romance: Sir Bevis of Hampton
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Performing Middle English Romance: The Stanzaic Morte Arthur
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Performing Middle English Romance: Performing Sir Orfeo
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Performing Middle English Romance: Reading Verse Romance as Drama
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The Poetics of Alliteration
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Voicing Medieval Women: Middle English Part II
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Voicing Medieval Women: Middle English, Part I
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Beowulf
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Ted Irving Reads Old English: Beowulf
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Heroic Women in Old and Middle English: Cynewulf's Elena
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Heroic Women in Old and Middle English: Judith
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Heroic Women in Old and Middle English: Juliana
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Old English Elegies and Riddles
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Ted Irving Reads Old English: Deor
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Ted Irving Reads Old English: The Dream of the Rood
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Ted Irving Reads Old English: The Seafarer
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Ted Irving Reads Old English: The Wanderer
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Towneley Plays: Ludicium (Last Judgement)
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Towneley Plays: Magnus Herodes (Herod the Great)
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Towneley Plays: Mastacio Abel (Murder of Abel)
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Towneley Plays: Processus Noe (Noah's Flood)
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Deus amanz
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Deux ballades
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: La Chanson de Roland
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: La Griesche d'esté
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: La Vie de Saint Alexis
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Le Dit de la pastoure
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Le Roman de la Rose
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Tristan et Iseut
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Une fable
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Four Centuries of Old French Verse: Yvain
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Malory Aloud
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Maistre Pathelin
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Old French Pastourelle Motets
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Cele Qui Fu Foutue et Desfoutue (De la Grue)
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Crapaud
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: De Cele Qui Se Fist Foutre Sur la Fosse de son Mari
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Del Couvoiteus et del Envïeus
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Ivresse
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Le Prestre Crucefié
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Le Vilain Asnier
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Les Perdris
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Les Quatre Souhais Saint Martin
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Les Trois Boçus
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Ribaudie et Repentanche: Merlot
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Selections from the Lais of Marie de France: Guigemar and Fresne
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Voicing Medieval Women: Provençal, Anglo-Norman, Old French
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A Garland of Medieval German Verse: Lieder
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A Garland of Medieval German Verse: Minnelieder
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A Garland of Medieval German Verse: Mädchenlieder and Sangspruchgedichte
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A Garland of Medieval German Verse: Nibelungenlied
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A Garland of Medieval German Verse: Titurel
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A Garland of Medieval German Versel: Tristan
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Carmina Burana
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Das Herzmaere
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Kudrun
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Ambrasser Liederbuch
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Liederbuch by Ottilia Fenchlerin
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Züricher Liederbuch
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Miscellany Manuscript
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Georg Foster’s Songbook
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Elizabeth Cruzigerin, Ein Lobsang von Christo
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Mary, Queen of Hungary
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Agnes, Duchess of Saxony
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Annelein von Freiburg
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Elizabeth, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Magdalena Beke
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Magdalena Heymairin
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Late Medieval German Women's Poetry: Margaretha, Duchess of Anhalt
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Nibelungenlied: Kriemhild
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Nibelungenlied: Siegfried
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried came to Worms
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried first set eyes on Kriemhild
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Nibelungenlied: How Gunther sailed to Iceland for Brünhild
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Nibelungenlied: How Gunther won Brünhild
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried sailed to fetch his vassals
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried was sent to Worms
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Nibelungenlied: How Brünhild was received in Worms
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried came home with his queen
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Nibelungenlied: How Gunther invited Siegfried to the festival
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried went to the festival with his queen
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Nibelungenlied: How the queens railed at each other
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried was betrayed
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried was slain
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegfried was lamented and buried
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Nibelungenlied: How Siegmund returned home
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Nibelungenlied: How the Nibelung treasure was brought to Worms
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Nibelungenlied: How King Etzel sent to Burgundy for Kriemhild
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Nibelungenlied: How Kriemhild journeyed to Hungary
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Nibelungenlied: How Kriemhild was received by Etzel
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Nibelungenlied: How Kriemhild invited her brothers to the festival
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Nibelungenlied: How Werbel and Swemmel accomplished their sovereign's embassy
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Nibelungenlied: How the Nibelungs journeyed to Hungary
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Nibelungenlied: How Gelprat was slain by Dancwart
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Nibelungenlied: How they came to Pöchlarn
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Nibelungenlied: How the Burgundians arrived in Hungary
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Nibelungenlied: How Kriemhild upbraided Hagen and he did not rise to greet her
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Nibelungenlied: How Hagen and Volker kept watch
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Nibelungenlied: How they went to church
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Nibelungenlied: How Dancwart slew Bloedelin
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Nibelungenlied: How the Burgundians fought with the Huns
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Nibelungenlied: How they threw the corpses from the hall
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Nibelungenlied: How Iring was slain
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Nibelungenlied: How the Queen had the hall burned down
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Nibelungenlied: How Rüdiger was slain
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Nibelungenlied: How Dietrich's warriors were slain to a man
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Nibelungenlied: How Dietrich did battle with Gunther and Hagen
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Wartburgfrieg & Tannhauser-Ballade
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Waz Ist Minne?
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Hildebrandslied
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Inferno
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